The first, gall midges as enemies of aphids, was published in 1929 bull. Occurrence of two acarivorous species of the genus. Adult feltiella is about 2 mm long and is pinkbrown. However, despite these problems it is recommended that f. Tetranychidae, is an important pest of vegetables and other economically important crops.
This study evaluated the functional responses and preystage preferences of three species of predators. Greenhouse biocontrol in utah beneficial insects and the pests they target author marion murray, utah state university illustrations and graphics alex loveland, utah state university funding crop protection and pest management program grant no. This species is highly specialist for feeding on spider mite. Predation of twospotted spider mites, tetranycus urticae.
Effects of temperature and relative humidity rh on development of immatures, reproduction, and prey capture were determined in order to confirm the suitability of f. It requires a high spider mite density and high humidities to become established. Feltiella acarivora is characterized and distinguished from f. Feltiella acarisuga is a species of predatory gall midges which will feed on various species of spider mites. Larvae of the gall midge feltiella acarisuga therodiplosis persicae are sold for control of twospotted spider mite. Predatory gall midge unofficial common name, feltiella. This document is eeny269, one of a series of the department of entomology and nematology, ufifas extension. Phytoseiulus persimilis was introduced in the hot spots and contributed to the control along with neoseiulus californicus, amblyseius andersoni and naturally occurring feltiella acarisuga. Biocontrol requires technical knowledge aboutcontrol requires technical knowledge about pest and bcas. The two most species rich genera are baldratia kieffer, 1897, and dasineura rondani, 1840, each with six species.
General information about feltiella acarisuga thrdpe this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. The winged adult is able to detect colonies of spider mites over large distances. Feltiella system in contrast to the other spider mite predators, feltiella acarisuga has a winged stage. Lily calderwood, commercial horticulture greenhouse growers in new yorks capital region are joining the ranks of farmers who use biological means to manage pest arthropods and pathogens figure 1. In eggplant, for example, feltiella acarisuga has appeared naturally and reduced spider mite numbers by more than 40% sharaf 1984. You can also purchase populations of feltiella acarisuga, a beneficial insect that will attack and eat spider mites and their eggs. Effects of temperature and relative humidity on development, reproduction, and predation in feltiella acarisuga vallot diptera. Usually supplied as larvae or pupae at a rate of around 250 pupaeha repeated for 4 to 6 weeks increase to 1500 pupaeha if pest populations are high. Beneficial organisms like insects, predatory mites, parasites. Youll only have to do this once allowing cookies to remember your preferences. This side effects guide can be used to check the compatibility of pesticides agents on the most important beneficial organisms that are used in agriculture and horticulture, for biological crop protection and natural pollination. Mifa feltiella acarisuga predatory midge migh galendromus helveolus predatory mite migo galendromus occidentalis predatory mite migp galendromus pyri predatory mite miml mesoseiulus longipes predatory mite minc neoseiulus amblyseius californicus predatory mite mipm phytoseiulus macropilus predatory mite.
Feltiella acarisuga feltiella acarisuga is visually similar to the aphid predatory midge aphidoletes aphidimyza in both adult and larval stages figures 4. Cecidomyiidae 3 life cycle in climates without extremely dry or cold seasons, every stage of feltiella acarisuga is present yearround. Most commonly used predators of tetranychid mites are predatory mites phytoseiulus persimilis athiashenriot, 1957, amblyseius swirskii athiashenriot, 1962, but among most voracious predators is the larva of a predatory gall midge, feltiella acarisuga vallot, 1827 that was found also in greenhouses of the biotechnical faculty in. The predatory gall midge, feltiella acarisuga vallot, is one. Feltiella acarisuga is predatory midge most utilized for spider mite feeding. The gall midge feltiella acarisuga of which the larvae are beneficials. Functional responses and preystage preferences of a. Feltiella acarisuga is more mobile as an adult than is the predatory mite and, once established, eats at least five times as many spider mites biobest 1999. Feltiella acarisuga vallot therodiplosis persicae vallot diptera. If possible, keep temperatures below 80 degrees fahrenheit.
The known gall midge fauna of egypt is composed of 48 species belonging to 22 genera. Recently, ifas editors began converting these files into two other formats html in an edis design a major repository of ifas publications in all areas, and in pdf. Pest resistance to pesticides and consumer demand are. Pdf effects of temperature and relative humidity on. Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. The twospotted spider mite tssm, tetranychus urticae, is a common pest in greenhouses with a wide host range including specialty annuals and bedding plants, herbaceous perennials, vegetables and herbs. An feltiella acarisuga in uska species han diptera nga syahan ginhulagway ni jean nicolas vallot hadton 1827. The distribution records of feltiella acarisuga vallot diptera. Specimens examined see table 1 for the slidemounted specimens examined.
Feltiella minuta felt, a predator of tetranychus urticae koch twospotted spider mites. Remove established infestations by washing plants with soapy water every two days for ten days, focusing on the undersides of plant leaves. Biological control is most effective when used in an integrated pest management ipm program see integrated pest management. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. In this study, we compared the efficiency of rearing the chief natural enemies of the four insect groups in japan oligota spp. The adult feltiella lays yellowcoloured eggs of about 0. Feltiella acarisuga predatory gall midge 259 per tub thrips amblysieus cucumeris predatory mite 50,000 per bottle 100,000 per 5 l bucket amblyseius swirskii predatory mite 50,000 per bottle 100 sachets of 250 per box orius insidiosus when available minute pirate bug 500 per bottle hypoaspis aculeifer predatory mite 10,000 per bottle. Feltiella acarisuga vallot is a common gall midge that feeds on many species of spider mites. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page tetranychus urticae is part of a group of very similar species in the genus tetranychus.
The larvae are a translucent to yellowish colour and feed exclusively on spider mites. Then, each type of source has been parsed to identify the elements required in the ontology. Feltiella291196 t e c h n i s c h e i n f o r m a t i o n. Strategies to control insects in successive plantings in high. The searching behaviour the predatory midge larva, feltiella. Feltiella is used mostly by greenhouse tomato growers, because the predatory mite most often used for spider mite control, phytoseiulus persimilis,is not very effective on tomato leaves, which tend to be hairy with glandular trichomes. The genus feltiella is revised and redescribed, and a key to males is given. Combining biocontrol agents with conventional pesticides. Cecidomyiidae in japan were previously based only on the collecting data of feltiella sp. Predation and life table of feltiella acarisuga diptera.
Feltiella acarisuga is a gall midge, similar to the aphid predator aphidoletes. We identified acarivorous gall midges collected from various localities in japan as f. Gall midges cecidomyidae as enemies of mites bulletin. Thanks to this, spider mite populations can be detected much faster and over larger areas. A simple method of rearing insect natural enemies of. Feltiella acarisuga gall midge feltiella acarisuga fights many varieties of spider mites. Bumblebees that are used for greenhouse and outdoor pollination.
It is especially common when spider mites occur in colonies. Spidend galmug feltiella acarisuga koppert biological systems. Feltiella acarisuga rearing biological characters of f. Due to the voracious feeding nature of this predator, they are not. Tech sheet for your files pdf biological controls have been used in commercial greenhouse cucumber production in canada since the early 1980s. Getting started with biocontrol in the greenhouse dr. Cecidomyiidae is a biological control agent for twospotted spider mites on greenhouse vegetable crops. Feltiella acarisuga delphastus spp aphidius spp encarsia formosa phytoseiulus persimilis imidacloprid marathon pyridaben sanmite acetamiprid tristar abamectine avid cyromazine citation bifenazate floramite pymetrozine endeavor aphidoletes aphidimyza. Detailed morphological observation revealed that the ceraphronid was a new species of aphanogmus thomson hymenoptera.
Predatory gall midge unofficial common name, feltiella acarisuga vallot insecta. Predatory gall midge unofficial common name, feltiella acarisuga. Each midge larva can consume an average of least 15 adult mites, 30 mixed developmental stages, or. Morphological features, distribution, prey mites, and life. Feltiella acarisuga is a gall midge, similar to the aphid predator. The antennae of the male insect are long and covered with long hairs, while those of the female are shorter and thicker. The larvae feed on various species of spider mite in any developmental stage such as the two spotted spider mite and the carmine spider mite. However, phytoseulus persimilis should not be released where feltiella acarisuga is becoming established because they are known to eat midge eggs if prey is limited gillespie 1998. Standard specification for feltiella acarisuga vallot. The various types of season extension materials and strategies can be valuable tools in managing insect pests. The predatory gall midge feltiella acarisuga vallot diptera. Description of a new species of aphanogmus thomson. Feltiella acarisuga thrdpeoverview eppo global database.
The twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch acari. Even though feltiella is less sensitive to a low humidity than spidermite predators, higher humidity will make it easier for feltiella to get established in the crop. Mar 01, 2007 pictures related to the nutrient deficiencies series may accessed by viewing the pdf files of the pages that originally appeared in gmpro magazine. For any developing hotspots, a combination of extra phytoseiulustsystem and feltiella system can be introduced curatively on plants surrounding the hotspot. Mar 12, 2011 the distribution records of feltiella acarisuga vallot diptera. Pdf this study was carried out to estimate the different biological characters and predation capacity of f. If you wish to print or download featured creatures files in the traditional ifas format, then you can do so in edis, searching for the file using the eeny number. Feltiella acarisuga is a gall midge that devours spider mites. Textual content is used for filling the different properties of the instances, while the images are stored as a graphical representation of each concept. Feltiella acarisuga life cycle and relative effectiveness. Larvae significantly increased number of feeds, residence time and turning rate and decreased speed in response to higher prey density. High density hot spots can be knocked down with selective miticides before and after the release of predators. Feltiella acarisuga delphastus spp aphidius spp encarsia formosa phytoseiulus persimilis pyridaben sanmite acetamiprid tristar abamectine avid cyromazine citation bifenazate floramite pymetrozine endeavor aphidoletes aphidimyza.
Biological control in plant protection by virgiulloac issuu. Feltiella acarisuga will spread fast through the crop thanks to its flying abilities. A syrphid fly, episyrphus balteatus, is sold in the pupal stage for use in tomato greenhouses to supplement aphid control and to serve as an incidental pollinator. Facts about biological control biocontrol is often considered when pesticides are no longer as effective or when problems arise. The larvae of feltiella can consume large quantities of spider mites and eggs, up to as many. The rate of successful search and the handling time predicted by the holling disc. Significantly more feltiella acarisuga and stethorus spp.
Predation and all major biological and life table parameters of f. Cecidomyidae formerly under the jurisdiction of committee e35 on pesticides and alternative control agents, this specification was withdrawn in january 2017. Pdf morphological features, distribution, prey mites, and. After about two days, a creamy brownish yellow larva hatches from this egg, and devours red spider mites. This specification covers information on and the test method for determining purity, sex ratio and number of adults released from commercial containers of the predatory midge feltiella acarisuga vallot diptera. Agricultural recommendation system for crop protection. An feltiella acarisuga in nahilalakip ha genus nga feltiella, ngan familia nga cecidomyiidae.
Strategies to control insects in successive plantings in high tunnels kimberly stoner connecticut agricultural experiment station po box 1106, new haven, ct 06504 kimberly. Hebert pd, cywinska na, ball sl, dewaard jr 2003 biological identifications. Feltiella acarisuga can be used to manage spider mite populations in a variety of greenhouse and field crops, especially when incorporated into a biointensive ipm program. Biology feltiella acarisuga is a gall midge, similar to the aphid predator aphidoletes. The four larval stages all eat spider mites at a rate of about 5 times more than p. Adult female twospotted spider mites can live for about one month. Pdf occurrence of two acarivorous species of the genus. At one time, a species complex included about 60 synonyms, each described from different hosts or from different parts of the world, the best known of which were tetranychus telarius l. Revision of tetranychid acarina mite predators of the. This is a third of a series of papers dealing with zoophagous gall midges of the world. Each midge larva can consume an average of least 15 adult mites, 30 mixed developmental stages, or 80 eggs per day. Feltiella acarisuga will enter diapause in the wintertime.
662 1096 781 28 1383 1261 961 1486 184 672 754 1252 920 940 281 453 504 260 1171 372 791 36 27 220 1416 671 1554 1423 1498 738 129 522 50 775 1205 303 9 986 586 556 1073 330 1216